Assessing Phytoremediation Efficacy of Native Wetland Species for Heavy Metal Contamination Mitigation in Urban Areas

Abstract

Urban environments are increasingly plagued by heavy metal pollution, primarily due to industrial run-off and urbanization, posing significant ecological and health threats. This study employs a combination of field trials and controlled laboratory experiments to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of native wetland plants in mitigating heavy metal concentrations in contaminated soils. Utilizing ICP-OES and statistical analysis tools, a significant reduction in heavy metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, and mercury) was observed, with efficiency rates ranging from 65% to 85% across different species. The findings reveal that Phragmites australis exhibited the highest accumulation capacity, suggesting its viability for urban soil remediation strategies. This research provides actionable insights for urban planners and ecologists seeking sustainable solutions to combat soil contamination.